"For I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see,
Sow the Vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be ;
Sow the heavens fill with commerce, argosies of magic sails,
Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales."
Tennyson.
Sow the Vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be ;
Sow the heavens fill with commerce, argosies of magic sails,
Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales."
Tennyson.
CENTRAL AFRICAN AIRWAYS was officially formed a year after the 
   Second World War, and this brief history aims at telling the reader 
   some of the facts concerning present operations and the early days 
   of aviation in Rhodesia and Nyasaland. It also tells in short form 
   of the pioneering elTorts (with aircraft which today qualify as 
   museum pieces) which culminated in the establishment, by 
   Parliamentary Act, of "a Civil Air Authority for the Central African 
   Territories". In other words it is the story of CAA—the National 
   Airline of
Rhodesia and Nyasaland.
There can be no doubt that aircraft have played a primary part in 
   opening up the territory which is now known as the Federation of 
   Rhodesia and Nyasa land, but before dealing with the actual evolution 
   of civil aviation in those parts, let us give you an idea of the 
   area now served by Central African Airways, with its present fleet 
   of five Vickers Viscounts, six Douglas DC.3's and six De Havilland 
   Beavers, which have their main base at Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia.
![]()  | 
| Central African Airways routes - 1961 | 
The Federation What might be described as the home territory of CAA 
   is the large area coming within the geographic boundaries of the 
   Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, a Federation which was born on 
   September 4, 1953. The accompanying map shows the area in question, 
   an area with an overall population (I960 figures) of 8.355.000. of 
   which 8.000.000 are African. 314.000 are European and 41.000 arc 
   members of other races.
Southern Rhodesia has the greatest number of Europeans (227.000). 
   followed bv Northern Rhodesia (78,000) and Nyasaland with 9.200.
In addition to its home territory, CAA also serves the Republic of 
   South Africa, liasl Africa, the Congo and Mocambique. At one time, 
   the trip by road with ox-wagons from Johannesburg to Salisbury Look 
   five and a half months, whereas today a CAA Viscount does the same 
   journey in comfort in 2 hours 25 minutes.
![]()  | 
| CAA Symbol | 
Many people, of course, nurse a nostalgia for the "good old days", 
   but you can't halt evolution, and with present-day Africa changing 
   rapidly. CAA is a symbol of that evolution which has transformed, in 
   a short space of years, the picture of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from a 
   vast bush country to a thriving area of civilisation where a modern 
   pattern of social and industrial life is taking over.
But let us start at the beginning.
The global history of civil aviation is one of very spectacular 
   advance. The First World War saw the stumbling but heroic efforts of 
   countries involved in that war to provide practical weapons in the 
   form of aircraft.
The War was a tremendous stimulus to the aircraft industry, but even 
   in 1918 when the War ended, the idea of the wholesale transporting 
   of air passengers on regular schedules was little more than a dream.
![]()  | 
| An Imperial Airways Armstrong Whitworth Atalanta G-ABTH at Mbeya. Tanganyika. | 
This pioneering effort was followed, later in the "twenties, by the formation of the Rhodesian Aviation Syndicate, in Bulawayo, by a group of miners, ranchers and industrialists, and the Syndicate's first aircraft was a veteran wartime De Havilland 6B. To this was added a Cirrus Moth Mark II. which was bought and assembled in the Union of South Africa and flown from Durban to Bulawayo.
Meanwhile, Britain was seriously studying the possibility of 
   operating services to the African Continent, a study which first 
   began in 1919. The first successful flight from England to Central 
   and South Africa began on 4th February. 1920. The pilots— Lt-Col. 
   Pierre van Rynevcld. D.S.O.. M.C. and F/Lt. C. J. Quintin Brand, 
   D.S.O., M.C., D.F.C. (both were later knighted)—landed at Abercorn, 
   Livingstone and Bulawayo on their way to the Union.
As time progressed Imperial Airways, which was founded in 1924, came 
   into the African picture and Alan Cobhani carried out a pioneer 
   survey flight to South Africa in 1925 in a de Havilland 50J. In 1927 
   Sir Alan Cobham undertook a further
It was a stout effort, and pilots landed their aircraft on a piece 
   of waste ground near the Bulawayo Cemetery. Soon after the formation 
   of the Rhodesian Aviation Company, a Government subsidy of £750 a year was voted "to be earned by the instruction of seven pilots a year up to the level of an 'A* licence". Things were beginning lo move! The Rhodesian Aviation Company began a weekly Bulawayo/Salisbury service in 1931, operated only as required, and on the 27th July, 1933, they began operating a weekly passenger and freight service with a D.H. "Fox Moth" on the route Salisbury/ Gatooma / Que Que / Gwelo / Bulawayo / Johannesburg.
In Nyasaland. Mr. C. J. Christowitz, a road transport contractor, 
   from Worcester. South Africa, started Christowitz Air Services 
   (Nyasaland) Limited, with two D.ll. "Puss Moths" and a D.H. "Gipsy 
   Moth", and commenced a regular Blantyre -  Beira service on the 5th August, 1931.
On the 3rd August, 1933, a scheduled weekly service was commenced 
   between Blantyre and Salisbury when the D.H. Puss Moth "Nyasa I" 
   piloted by Captain R. Bourlay carried two passengers. The pilot was 
   virtually a "flying uncle" who, in addition to his more serious 
   duties, benevolently undertook shopping commissions for Nyasaland 
   residents.
It was soon seen that there was a need to coordinate flying 
   activities in this part of Africa, and in 1933 Rhodesia and 
   Nyasaland Airways, Limited, was formed to absorb local companies, 
   with a capital of £25,000 provided jointly by Imperial Airways and 
   the Beit Railway Trust.
With four D.H. Puss Moths and one D.H. Fox Moth, RANA's first main 
   commercial air route joined Blantyre. Salisbury. Bulawayo. Victoria 
   Falls. Lusaka, Broken Hill and Ndola.
In 1934, a Westland Wessex, fitted with three Armstrong Siddeley 
   Genet engines, was chartered
![]()  | 
| Rhodesian school-children boarding a RANA De Havilland Rapide in 1936. from Imperial Airways. This aircraft carried four passengers and hail at one time belonged to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales.  | 
RANA took over the Salisbury-Blantyre weekly service previously 
   operated by Christowitz Air Services, and on 5th May, 1934 began the 
   weekly Bulawayo - Livingstone - Lusaka - Broken llill- Ndola 
   services.
The next move might be said to mark the serious approach to 
   increased passenger flying. This was the acquisition of a De 
   Havilland Rapidc, in 1935, followed by the purchase of three Dc 
   Havilland Leopard Moths, and air routes were extended from Salisbury 
   to Beira and Beira to Blantyrc. In 1936, two De Havilland Dragonflys 
   were purchased, and in 1938 a De Havilland Dragon.
![]()  | 
| RANA Dc Havilland Rapide "R.M.A. City of Salisbury" —1937 | 
Pioneer Aircraft in the light of today's near supersonic air travel, 
   let us take a quick look at these pioneer aircraft. The D.H. Puss 
   Moth was a 3-seater cabin monoplane with a cruising speed of 100 
   m.p.h. (maximum speed 120 m.p.h,). It was powered by one 120 h.p. 
   Gipsy III engine (or by a 130 h.p. Gipsy Major engine).
The D.H. Fox Moth was a biplane carrying four passengers in a cabin, 
   and the pilot in a cockpit behind the cabin. It was powered by a 130 
   h.p. Gipsy Major engine and cruised at 90 m.p.h. (maximum speed 110 
   m.p.h.).
The D.H. Leopard Moth was virtually a redesigned Puss Moth, and was 
   a 3-seater cabin monoplane with a cruising speed of 105 m.p.h. (maximum  speed 120 m.p.h.). It was powered by a 130 h.p. Gipsy Major engine.
![]()  | 
| Capt. Mike Pearce, Chief Pilot RANA (centre) at Beira 1935 | 
The De Havilland Dragon was a twin-engined biplane (two 130 h.p. 
   Gipsy Major engines) capable of carrying six passengers and luggage 
   or freight. Alternatively, up to 10 passengers could be carried on 
   local flights. Cruising speed was 100 rn.p.h. and maximum speed 120 
   m.p.h.
The De Havilland Dragonfly was a twin-engined biplane (two 130 h.p. Gipsy Major engines), with a five-seat cabin and performance higher than that of a Dragon.
These, then, comprised the fleet of RANA, which on 23rd May, 1938, opened the twice weekly "bush" route Blantyre-Lilongwe-Fort Jameson with the Dragonflys.
The carriage of mail played an important part in RANA's operations and, with the introduction of the Empire Air Mail Scheme in 1937. three more Rapides were bought and they flew Central African mail to and from Beira in Portuguese East Africa, where it connected with the Imperial Airways "C" Class flying-boats, which had replaced the Alalantas on the African route. Services were also extended from Salisbury to Gatooma, Que Que, Gwelo, Bulawayo, Pietersburg and Johannesburg.
With the advent of the Second World War, RANA was taken over by the 
   Government and, under the title of Southern Rhodesia Air Services, 
   was operated as a civil carrier and also as a Communications 
   Squadron of the Southern Rhodesian Air Force. Frequencies were 
   intensified, additional aircraft purchased and a fairly extensive 
   air service was operated throughout the Rhodesias and Nyasaland. 
   also 10 Beira, Nairobi and Johannes- burg on a regular scheduled 
   basis.
![]()  | 
| CAA Viking a Belvedere | 
![]()  | 
| CAA Viking a Belvedere | 
![]()  | 
| CAA Viking a Belvedere | 
CAA is Formed On October 1st, 1945, SRAS was demilitarised but 
   continued to operate under the same title until 1st June. 1940, when 
   the enabling Act constituting CAA was promulgated, Northern 
   Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland subscribing to its capital 
   and Air Vice-Marshall Sir Charles Meredith was appointed Chairman. 
   The initial fleet comprised 13 D.H. 89's, 5 Avro Ansons, 1 D.H. 
   Tiger Moth and 1 D.H. Leopard Moth.
During this intervening period, much forward planning in 
   anticipation of the Constitution of CAA was completed, and orders 
   for the purchase of 3 Vickers Vikings and 5 De Havilland Dove 
   aircraft were placed. The first act of the new Corporation was to 
   confirm the provisional order for these aircraft, and as a result 
   the new licet began to arrive within six months of the Corporation 
   being constituted.
![]()  | 
| CAA De Havilland Dove "R.M.A. Hoepoe" at Chileka Airport. Blantyre—1951 | 
In the war years, it was possible to serve the "bush stations" with 
   the same aircraft which were being used for the main line routes, 
   i.e. Rapides and Ansons. With the purchase of the Vikings, this was 
   no longer possible hence the Doves were intended to fill a dual role 
   as a "bush" aircraft and to supplement the Viking fleet as required. 
   It transpired that the aircraft was not entirely suitable in either 
   role, and it became necessary in 1951 to purchase De Havilland 
   Beavers to operate the "bush services". Additional Vikings were from 
   time to time added to the licet, and the Doves were sold.
At a later stage DC.3 aircraft were purchased. As in many other 
   parts of the world the DC.3 rapidly made itself indispensable, and 
   when it was decided to purchase Vickers Viscounts it was retained as 
   a second line aircraft in preference to the Vikings.
![]()  | 
| Lord Pakenham opening, the new Livingstone Airport on 12th August, 1950 | 
Further Progress CAA progressed until, by 1953. the Corporation 
   owned 10 Vikings, and air services linked Johannesburg, Bulawayo. 
   Salisbury, Livingstone, Lusaka, Ndola, Kasama, Abercorn. 
   Elisabethville, Blantyre. Dar-es-Salaam, Nairobi, Lourenco Marques 
   and Durban.
Also, in 1953, CAA launched into the wider international sphere by 
   inaugurating the Colonial Coach Service between Salisbury, Lusaka, 
   Ndola and London, operated by Vikings.
No airline, however, can afford to sit still, and on 25th April, 1956, CAA look delivery of its first Vickers Viscount. VP-YNA "Malvern", which represented another leap forward in carrying capacity. The Viscount is powered with four Rolls-Royce Dart jet-prop engines, and at that time cost CAA over £300.000 each.
   
It is fitted to carry 52 passengers and has a cruising speed of 300 m.p.h. at 18,000 feet and a range, with full tanks, of 1,100 miles. Each aircraft is fitted with storm warning radar, and CAA was probably the lirsi airline on this side of the Atlantic to have Viscount aircraft so equipped.
On 1st July, 1956. a new Salisbury Airport was opened, and. as a result, CAA's main base was moved from the historic Belvedere Airport to a site of about 48 acres at the new airport, inclusive of buildings and taxi tracks. Improvisation was the order of the day at Belvedere. where staff were obliged to cope with unsatisfactory working conditions and the lack of proper facilities—the engine repair and propeller shops were half a mile away from the maintenance section. However, the new base at Kentucky was planned with every care. A hanger having the distinction of being the largest single span building in Africa was erected as a docking area for all CAA aircraft. This hangar was previously used for the Rhodes Centenary Exhibition at Bulawayo, where it was known as the Theatre Royal.
![]()  | 
| Col Sir Ellis Robins, now Cot. The lord Robins of Rhodesia and Chelsea K.B.E.. D.S.O., E.D. (Chairman of CAA. I949/I957), signs contract for the purchase of 5 Vickers Viscounts— 4 August. 1954.  | 
Adjoining this large hangar are the stores, housed in a modern 
   building with a floor area of some 200 ft. by 225 ft., designed and 
   situated so that stores can be fed easily to the maintenance hangar 
   and the workshops. These workshops are contained under one roof with 
   a floor area somewhat larger. In this vast workshop can be found all 
   the various engineering activities that ensure the highest degree of 
   servicing and construction of component parts for CAA aircraft 
   including a complete engine overhaul base.
The administrative offices were previously situated in small 
   buildings originally designed for the R.A.F., and spread over a 
   large area to suit wartime disposal ideas. This, of course, 
   prevented close minute to minute contact between all the divisions 
   and branches, but today they are all housed in three adjoining 
   modern buildings.
The opening of the new Salisbury Airport exposed CAA to severe 
   competition from the large international airlines operating Trunk 
   Services between the Federation and Europe who had previously been 
   precluded from using Salisbury due to (he limitations of Belvedere 
   Airport. It also permitted South African Airways to introduce its 
   regional services between Johannesburg and Salisbury. As a result, a 
   large volume of traffic between Johannesburg. Salisbury and Nairobi, 
   wholly carried by CAA in the past, had to be shared with other 
   carriers, and this had a serious effect on the Corporation's economy 
   for some time.
![]()  | 
| CAA Viscount undergoing inspection at the Corporation's Maintenance Base at Salisbury Airport. | 
Today's Fleet Today the CAA licet consists of live Vickers Viscounts, six DC.3s and six Dc Havilland Beavers, the former two aircraft types making a daily link between Salisbury. Bulawayo, Lusaka, Livingstone, Ndola and Blantyre, while Viscount flights also connect Salisbury with Johannesburg, Lourenco Marques, Durban, Nairobi and Dar-es-Salaam.
CAA's "bush services" have for many years played an important part 
   in the daily life of the remoter parts of the Federation. Today 
   these services arc flown with Beavers, which are single-engine 
   aircraft powered by a 450 h.p. Pratt & Whitney engine; capable of 
   carrying live passengers plus mail and freight with a range of less 
   than 500 miles and a speed of 120 m.p.h. They are responsible for 
   air communication on two networks, one of which covers the 
   Barotseland Territory of Northern Rhodesia, with 10 stations over 
   800 miles. The other embraces the west coast of Lake Nyasa, linking 
   11 stations over a 775-mile network from Blantyre to Mbeya in 
   Tanganyika.
![]()  | 
| CAA Viscount "R.M.A. Mlanje" at Salisbury Airport | 
![]()  | 
| De Havilland Beaver "R.M.A. Eland" at a typical Bush Station in Nyasaland | 
Hacked from Bush
It would be an overstatement to call the airstrips on these Beaver 
   routes airports. They are literally strips hacked from the hush, 
   with the "Airport Building" often no more than a single thatched 
   hut. In many cases, the duties of "Station Officer" are carried out 
   by the wives of local officials, and their lives arc made more 
   interesting by meeting the Beaver crews and passengers, who arrive 
   with news from the outside, with mail and perishables and often all 
   the shopping for the week!
The Beaver, and its predecessors, have and continue to provide a very definite social function as well as bringing an end to isolation for such lonely places as Balovale on the Zambezi River, which is 450 miles from the nearest railhead in the Federation. It has meant cutting travel to a matter of hours and sometimes, in the long rainy season it is the only means of travel.
   
In a sentence, CAA has opened up huge stretches of African 
   Territory, and is busy keeping isolated points as well as main 
   centres within easy touch of one another by regular flights.
To maintain a service of this nature means constant planning, 
   expansion and anticipation, and the day-to-day study of improved 
   standards of training for pilots. Flight and ground engineers and 
   staff generally, while ensuring the greater availability of the 
   aircraft for commercial usage. It is gratifying to record that, 
   while there have been very occasional mishaps, there have been no 
   fatal accidents in the whole history of the "bush services", which 
   have been operated continuously for close on 20 years.
The "Airmail Loaf"
An increasing function of importance with CAA is the transportation 
   of freight, and it will be appreciated that, in a territory like the 
   Federation, this service has a greater impact on the lives of people 
   than a similar service in, say, Europe, where the lines of 
   communication do not offer the same problems.
The importance of this service in the daily lives of scattered 
   communities can be gathered from the types of freight which are 
   commonplace on the CAA routes. Fresh fish is flown south from Lake 
   Nyasa to Salisbury for sale in the shops, and fresh meat and even 
   loaves of bread are flown to the remote parts of Nyasaland and 
   Northern Rhodesia.
![]()  | 
| Central Reservations Control at the Airways Terminal, Salisbury | 
Every season half a million day-old chicks form part of the freight 
   loads, which also include fresh fruit and vegetables as well as 
   leopards, cheetahs, snakes, car spares, industrial and electrical 
   equipment and drugs.
In 1960, CAA introduced a new Freight Advisory Bureau to assist 
   business executives in analysing the problems arising from the 
   transport of goods and from insurance costs to the packaging of the 
   product. This service has been welcomed by business people as 
   another valuable service provided by the airline.
And, most important of all, CAA has kept and enhanced its reputation 
   as the friendly airline that keeps people in isolated parts of the 
   bush in touch with friends and relatives in other parts. This is 
   done through an air-letter service which, for a small surcharge, 
   allows mail to be handed in at the last possible moment without 
   going through the normal processes of postal collection
![]()  | 
| Federal manufacturers and shippers find it pays to airfreight their products | 
New Ideas 
Like any other airline, every day sees new problems to confront and 
   new ideas to be studied in the overall picture of closing the large 
   land gaps between the communities in the Federation.
One important service was introduced in January, 1960, to eliminate 
   a tortuous overland trek of nearly 400 miles. This was the inauguration of low-fare "Skybus" services. This is a weekly 
   DC.3 service, which takes 40 passengers between Salisbury and 
   Blantyre, the commercial capital of Nyasaland.
   
To give this figure some meaning, imagine an area larger than the 
   British Isles, France. Germany and Holland combined—or larger than 
   the States of New York, Texas and California rolled into one.
A recent innovation for the training of CAA's pilots is the 
   installation of a flight simulator at Salisbury Airport for Viscount 
   conversion and testing. The new simulator saves CAA thousands of 
   pounds, which normally would be expended on operating a Viscount for 
   special training flights.
Big Challenge It is a big project . . . and a big challenge.
![]()  | 
| Passengers boarding a CAA Skybus | 
There can be no silting back when operating a national airline. One 
   of the latest schemes to be launched by CAA ... a scheme unique on 
   the African Continent . . . was the introduction of "Flame Lily" 
   Packaged Tours in the Union of South Africa. There are more than 
   l00) of them covering the Federation and Mocambique, and they arc 
   likely to have an important bearing on the future tourist habits of 
   people in Southern Africa.
   CAA pioneered Package Tours on the African Continent some years ago, 
   and further plans are now being made to extend this scheme to East 
   Africa and Mocambique.
   In the same year CAA launched the Skycar Plan, a plan which caters 
   for an important scction of CAA's passenger traffic . . . the 
   businessman. It can also be utilised by holiday makers and ensures 
   that passengers flying on the three regional airlines of South, 
   Central and Fast Africa can book cars to await them at the airport 
   when reserving their air passages.
   Thus, again, communications are being speeded up and improved 
   facilities offered.
   As CAA grows, so will further services be added and greater 
   facilities be offered in line with CAA's motto:
"Conservimus Africae Alis"
which means ... "We serve Africa with Wings"
![]()  | 
| An aerial view of Salisbury Base | 
1- Central African Airways Headquarters.
2 - CAA Display and Distribution section.
3 - CAA main maintenance hangar.
4 - CAA base workshops.
5 - Salisbury airport terminal buildings.
![]()  | 
| It is interesting to note that the CAA egret symbol, which was designed by Cppt. Ross Ktrkman—one of RANA's first captains—is still in use today with only minor alterations to the original design. | 
![]()  | 
| Account staff ot work in the computing and tabulating room | 
![]()  | 
| CAA's latest aid in training—the flight simulator | 
![]()  | 
| CAA's new bookings and enquiry office—Salisbury | 
![]()  | 
| The Operations Planning room where aircraft movements are planned to meet maintenance requirements. | 
![]()  | 
| The new air-start unit purchased by the Corporation for servicing Boeing 707 and DC-8 aircraft. | 
SOME AVIATION MILESTONES
1920 4 February - 20 March
First successful night from England to 
   Central and South Africa. By It.-Col Pierre van Ryneveld. D.S.O., M.C. and Flt.-Lt. C. J. Quintln Brand. 
   D.S.O., M.C., D.F.C.
   
1925 16 November
Alan Cobham begins commercial route survey flight 
   from London to Cape Town and back In the D.H. 501 G-EBFO.
1929 November 11 
Air Ministry. Imperial Airways and Cobham Blackburn 
   Airlines begin operational and technical survey of Cairo Cape Town 
   air route. Completed 11 April, 1930.
1931 April 
Rhodesian Aviation Co. Ltd. is formed and begins weekly 
   Bulawayo-Salisbury service.
   
1931 5 August 
Chriscowitz Air Services (Nyasaland) Ltd. begin 
   regular Blantyre-Beira service.
1932 20 January
Start of first London-Cape Town regular service of 
   Imperial Airways.
1932 27 April 
Imperial Airways' England-Central Africa- South Africa 
   route open in both directions for passenger traffic.
1933 27 July 
Rhodesian Aviation Co. begin weekly passenger and goods 
   service Salisbury - Gatooma - Que Que - Gwelo - Bulawayo - 
   Johannesburg.
1933 3 August 
Christowitz Air Services begin Salisbury. Blantyre 
   service.
1934 I February 
RANA take over the weekly Blantyre- Salisbury 
   service previously operated by Christowitz Air Services.
1935 August 
RANA start Salisbury-Beira and Blantyre- Beira services.
1937 2 June
 Imperil Airways first through flying-boat service to 
   South Africa leaves Southampton.
1937 29 June 
Empire Air Mail Programme inaugurated by Imperial 
   Airways' C class flying-boat G-ADVE RMA Centurion.
1938 10 August 
RANA begin weekly Lusaka - Fort Jameson service.
1940 I February 
Southern Rhodesia Government acquire the assets of 
   Rhodesia and Nyasaland Airways and found Southern Rhodesian Air 
   Services as a Communication Squadron of the Southern Rhodesian Air 
   Force.
1941 1 June 
Southern Rhodesian Air Services begin weekly 
   Johannesburg - Bulawayo - Salisbury - Lusaka - Ndola - Kasama - 
   Mbeya - Dodoma - Nairobi - Kisumu service.
1946 1 June 
Central African Airways Corporation (hereinafter 
   referred to as CAAJ constituted by the Governments of Southern 
   Rhodesia. Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland as successor to Southern 
   Rhodesian Air Services.
1946 19 November 
CAA introduce first Viking scheduled services in 
   Africa.
1946 9 December 
CAA introduce first D.H. Doves on scheduled services 
   in Southern Africa.
1948 4 May 
B.O.A.C. begin Southampton-Johannesburg (Vaaldam) service 
   with Short Solent flying-boats. The route is via Augusta - Cairo - 
   Luxor - Khartoum - Port Bell and Victoria Falls.
End
Extracted and recompiled by Eddy Norris for use on Our Rhodesian Heritage site that Orafs administers.
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Thank you for going to so much trouble to give us this nostalgic glimpse into our past. To see the "old" simulator again, the offices and the bulidings is to relive, for a moment, those years now so far away.
ReplyDeleteBut so close in memory.
Best
Chris